2 Samuel 12:5

Authorized King James Version

And David's anger was greatly kindled against the man; and he said to Nathan, As the LORD liveth, the man that hath done this thing shall surely die:

Word-by-Word Analysis

וַיִּֽחַר

H2734

kindled

to glow or grow warm; figuratively (usually) to blaze up, of anger, zeal, jealousy

אַ֥ף

H639

anger

properly, the nose or nostril; hence, the face, and occasionally a person; also (from the rapid breathing in passion) ire

דָּוִ֛ד

H1732

And David's

david, the youngest son of jesse

הָאִ֖ישׁ

H376

against the man

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

מְאֹ֑ד

H3966

was greatly

properly, vehemence, i.e., (with or without preposition) vehemently; by implication, wholly, speedily, etc. (often with other words as an intensive or

וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙

H559

and he said

to say (used with great latitude)

אֶל

H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

נָתָ֔ן

H5416

to Nathan

nathan, the name of five israelites

חַי

H2416

liveth

alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or livin

#10

יְהוָ֕ה

H3068

As the LORD

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

#11

כִּ֣י

H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

#12

בֶן

H1121

this thing shall surely

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

#13

מָ֔וֶת

H4194

die

death (natural or violent); concretely, the dead, their place or state (hades); figuratively, pestilence, ruin

#14

הָאִ֖ישׁ

H376

against the man

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

#15

הָֽעֹשֶׂ֥ה

H6213

that hath done

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

#16

זֹֽאת׃

H2063

this (often used adverb)

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to 2 Samuel. The concept of divine sovereignty reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The divine name or title here functions within biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness to establish theological authority and covenantal relationship. The original language emphasizes the covenant name Yahweh, emphasizing God's faithfulness to His promises, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of 2 Samuel Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

How might the original audience's understanding of divine sovereignty differ from modern interpretations, and what bridges can be built between ancient meaning and contemporary application?
What systematic theological implications arise from this verse's treatment of salvation, and how does it contribute to a biblical theology of soteriology and the doctrine of salvation?
In what ways does understanding divine sovereignty in its original context challenge or deepen contemporary Christian thinking about salvation?

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